Ben Uri Research Unit

for the study and digital recording of the Jewish, Refugee and wide Immigrant contribution to British visual culture since 1900.


Ellen Auerbach photographer

Ellen Auerbach (née Rosenberg) was born into a Jewish family in Karlsruhe, Germany in 1906, moving to Berlin in 1929 to study photography and befriending fellow student Grete Stern, with whom she co-founded the ringl + pit photographic studio. Fearing the rise of Nazism, in 1933 Auerbach fled to Palestine, settling in London in 1936. While in London, Auerbach collaborated with Stern and worked independently, yet, unable to obtain a work permit, she immigrated to the United States in 1937.

Born: 1906 Karlsruhe, Germany

Died: 2004 New York, USA

Year of Migration to the UK: 1936

Other name/s: Ellen Rosenberg


Biography

Photographer Ellen Auerbach (née Rosenberg) was born into a middle-class Jewish family in Karlsruhe, Germany in 1906. She studied sculpture at the Badische Landeskunstschule in Karlsruhe between 1924 and 1927 before moving to Stuttgart in 1928 to continue her studies at the Academy of Art Am Weissenhof. The same year, after being given a 9 x 12 cm plate camera by her uncle, she decided to become a photographer because she ‘wished to be independent from home, and feared that it would be difficult to become independent as a sculptor’ (interview in Ammann and Schubert, 1998). Following the example of her friend Liselotte Grschebina (née Billigheimer), Auerbach moved to Berlin in 1929 to study photography with Walter Peterhans, befriending fellow student Grete Stern. When Peterhans was made Master of Photography at the Bauhaus in 1930, Stern and Auerbach purchased his photographic equipment and established the ringl + pit studio (deriving their name from Stern’s childhood nickname (Ringl) and the shortened form of Pepita, a dancer whom Auerbach apparently resembled). They specialised in advertising, fashion and portrait photography and unusually rejected individual authorship, instead crediting all their photographs to their collective signature (Otto, 2020).

Following Hitler’s accession to the Chancellorship in March 1933, Stern and Auerbach closed their studio that autumn. In December 1933, Auerbach immigrated to Palestine and in the spring, was joined in Tel Aviv by her future husband Walter Auerbach, a politician and anti-Nazi resistance fighter. Together with Grschebina, the couple established Ishon (Hebrew for ‘apple of my eye’), a studio specialising in photographs of children. Auerbach also made a 16mm film about Tel Aviv for the Women’s International Zionist Association (WIZO). When the Arab Revolt began in 1936, the Auerbachs swapped Palestine for London, where they visited Stern. Reflecting on her time in London, Auerbach later commented, ‘I really like London, above all the English sense of humour. German advertising was terribly serious, but I was enthusiastic about English humour, also in advertising’ (Ammann and Schubert, 1998). Auerbach collaborated with Stern on several commissions, including a maternity hospital brochure which was their final work together. She also met the German-Jewish playwright Bertolt Brecht and photographed him shaving, sitting at his typewriter and smoking a cigar (Akademie der Künste, Berlin). Auerbach also wandered the streets of London, photographing tourist attractions including St Paul’s Cathedral and Trafalgar Square, as well as less prosperous areas of the city and its inhabitants. When Stern and her Argentine photographer husband, Horacio Coppola, emigrated to Buenos Aires in 1935, Auerbach took over Stern’s studio. Unable to obtain a work permit, however, following her marriage to Walter in 1937, the couple immigrated to the United States (on the strength of an affidavit from a distant relative (Sandler and Mandelbaum)).



They settled in Elkins Park (a suburb of Philadelphia) for several years before separating in 1945. Between 1946 and 1949, Auerbach worked with the child psychologist Dr Sybil Escalona at the Menninger psychiatric institute in Topeka, Kansas, photographing young children and made two films on their behaviour. She continued to work as a photographer until, in 1965, she embarked on a new career as an educational therapist for children with learning difficulties at the Educational Institute for Learning and Research in New York, a post she held until she retired in 1984. In 1982 the exhibition Ellen Auerbach: Pictures after 1934 was held at The Photographers’ Gallery in London. Ellen Auerbach died in New York in the USA in 2004. The Tate in London holds a photograph that she took of Oxford Circus in 1936 and many more of her London photographs are held by the Akademie der Künste in Berlin, Germany.

Related books

  • Elizabeth Otto, ‘ringl + pit and the Queer Art of Failure’, October, No. 173, 2020, pp. 37-64
  • Inka Graeve Ingelmann, Ellen Auerbach: Das Dritte Auge: Leben und Werk (Munich: Schirmer/Mosel, 2006)
  • Jean-Christophe Ammann and Renate Schubert (eds.), Ellen Auerbach: Berlin, Tel Aviv, London, New York (Munich and New York: Prestel, 1998)

Public collections

Related organisations

  • Badische Landeskunstschule, Karlsruhe (student)
  • Ishon (co-founder)
  • ringl + pit (co-founder)
  • Weissenhof College of Applied Arts, Stuttgart (student)

Related web links

Selected exhibitions

  • Ellen Auerbach: Classic Works and Collaborations, Robert Mann Gallery, New York (2015)
  • Ellen Auerbach: Berlin, Tel Aviv, London, New York, Akademie der Künste, Berlin (1998)
  • Ellen Auerbach: Pictures after 1934, The Photographers' Gallery, London (1982)
  • Ellen Auerbach: From Bauhaus to God’s House, Robert Mann Gallery, New York (1994)